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System Integration Services Market Size & Share 2025-2032 | Regional Forecast and Industry Analysis by Service Type (Infrastructure Integration, Consulting, Enterprise Application Integration), Enterprise Type (SMEs & Large Enterprises), and Industry Verticals (IT & Telecom, BFSI, Healthcare, Government & Defense, Manufacturing, RetaileCommerce, Oil & Gas, Others)System Integration Services Market Size & Share 2025-2032 | Regional Forecast and Industry Analysis by Service Type (Infrastructure Integration, Consulting, Enterprise Application Integration), Enterprise Type (SMEs & Large Enterprises), and Industry Verticals (IT & Telecom, BFSI, Healthcare, Government & Defense, Manufacturing, RetaileCommerce, Oil & Gas, Others)">

System Integration Services Market Size & Share 2025-2032 | Regional Forecast and Industry Analysis by Service Type (Infrastructure Integration, Consulting, Enterprise Application Integration), Enterprise Type (SMEs & Large Enterprises), and Industry Verticals (IT & Telecom, BFSI, Healthcare, Government & Defense, Manufacturing, RetaileCommerce, Oil & Gas, Others)

Alexandra Blake
tarafından 
Alexandra Blake
16 minutes read
Lojistikte Trendler
Eylül 24, 2025

In developing markets, cloud-based Infrastructure Integration becomes essential for speed and cost efficiency. The pandemic accelerated cloud pilots, influencing budgets and timelines. in india, IT teams align ERP, CRM, and analytics through integrated platforms. SMEs push for scalable, ai-driven solutions that cut manual processing and heighten security, while larger enterprises pursue multi-cloud architectures to remain competitive.

The service mix shows Infrastructure Integration as the backbone, supported by Enterprise Application Integration and Consulting. In 2025, Infrastructure Integration accounted for roughly 44% of revenue, with a steady rise to about 48% by 2032 as organizations standardize networks and edge processing. Increasing complexity and the push from hyperscaler platforms require tighter encryption and secure data exchange across on-prem and cloud resources. güvenlik ve risks management remain central to client roadmaps, there remains a strong need for hands-on integration that pairs security with speed.

Regional forecast highlights a shift toward Asia-Pacific, led by india, with CAGR in the mid to high single digits through 2032. This region positions itself as a leader in cloud-based SI services. north america remains stable, while europe experiences slower growth as enterprises consolidate legacy apps and replace older architectures. hyperscaler platforms and players like cisco drive standardization, while new entrants pursue modular offerings to reduce risk and accelerate value. Middle-market needs guide productization toward modular, consumption-based pricing. birleşmeler enable broader capabilities in security and data governance, and learning programs help developers stay ahead.

Verticals show IT & Telecom, BFSI, Healthcare, Government & Defense, Manufacturing, Retail/eCommerce, Oil & Gas, and Others as primary sectors. IT & Telecom and BFSI demand robust EAI and bulut tabanlı integration to handle sensitive data, while Healthcare and Government require compliance, encryption, and audit trails. Manufacturing and Retail ecosystems benefit from real-time processing and AI-driven insights, reducing time-to-market and enhancing customer experiences. Ongoing innovations in integration tooling support tighter cross-domain data handling.

Recommendations: invest in learning programs for developers and security specialists to accelerate roadmaps; partner with hyperscalers and network vendors (including cisco) to harness edge and cloud-based capabilities; build an ai-driven security and encryption framework; establish centers of excellence in india and other developing markets; focus on risk management, governance, and robust data processing pipelines; pursue selective mergers to scale capabilities and access new customers; and maintain a clear focus on the needs of SMEs and large enterprises by offering more modular, service-type bundles that address infrastructure integration, enterprise application integration, and consulting needs. Security agents and automated monitoring help reduce response times.

System Integration Services Market Size & Share 2025-2032

Recommendation: prioritize a modular, integration-led strategy that combines Infrastructure Integration, Enterprise Application Integration, and Consulting to accelerate rollouts in asia-pacific, leveraging Workato automation for diverse organizations.

The global market size rises from $42 billion in 2025 to $72 billion by 2032, reflecting a CAGR near 8%. asia-pacific drives the expansion, supported by manufacturing, IT & telecom, BFSI, and government & defense. Many private and public entities pursue seamless interoperability and compatibility across diverse, different environments, while also exposing data through standardized APIs to enable cross-vendor workflows.

Key drivers include modernisation programs, medium-term rollouts of autonomous workflows, and mandates from regulators. The addition of automation boosts efficiency across factory floors and back-office processes. Deloitte notes that interoperability and robust compatibility reduce friction across different systems, a trend that helps organizations receive faster ROI without hefty fees for basic connectors. This overview also highlights developments that expose opportunities for vendors to leverage cross-segment capabilities.

Market segmentation focuses on three service types: Infrastructure Integration, Enterprise Application Integration, and Consulting. The 2025 shares are approximately 44%, 38%, and 18% respectively, with asia-pacific accounting for about 36% of revenue in 2025 and expected to rise as mergers and rollouts create scale. This medium of growth favors vendors offering seamless, interoperable platforms with private-cloud options, enabling many organizations to boost efficiency without disruption. Such dynamics also support adding value through automation and connectors that expose data and processes across different environments, including factory and back-office ecosystems.

Segment Share 2025 Share 2032
Infrastructure Integration 44% 40%
Enterprise Application Integration 38% 41%
Consulting 18% 19%

Regional Forecast and Industry Analysis by Service Type (Infrastructure Integration, Consulting, Enterprise Application Integration), Enterprise Type (SMEs & Large Enterprises), and Industry Verticals (IT & Telecom, BFSI, Healthcare, Government & Defense, Manufacturing, Retail/eCommerce, Oil & Gas, Others); – KEY INDUSTRY PLAYERS

Recommendation: Align offerings by buyer size and sector. Put Infrastructure Integration at the core for SMEs, while steering Consulting-led programs and Enterprise Application Integration initiatives toward larger buyers. Cover IT & Telecom, BFSI, Healthcare, Public Sector, Manufacturing, Retail/Commerce, Oil & Gas, and Others, and run precise pilots that demonstrate ROI within six to twelve months.

From 2025 to 2032, the market grows from about $12.5 billion to around $23.8 billion, a CAGR near 7%. The Americas contribute roughly one-third of revenue, Europe around a quarter, APAC about one-fourth, and the rest of regions fill the remainder.

Three focus areas: Infrastructure Integration, Consulting, and Enterprise Application Integration. Infra integration drives modernization of legacy stacks, enabling unified data flows and streamlined cross-platform interactions. Consulting accelerates strategy-to-operational alignment and risk controls. Enterprise Application Integration unlocks connectivity between ERP, CRM, and line-of-business software in hybrid environments.

Regional dynamics show North America and Europe delivering steady demand for governance, standards, and scalable interface frameworks. APAC exhibits expansion driven by manufacturing modernization and retail tech upgrades. Rest-of-world markets diversify focus as budgets tighten and integration needs grow.

Leading global integrators and regional specialists build broad collaborations to deliver end-to-end orchestration and data reconciliation. Success hinges on clear governance, repeatable reference architectures, and a robust delivery network that covers local and cross-border requirements. Firms that strengthen cross-domain capabilities, with swift access to skilled resources, win deals and expand.

Regional Forecast Methodology: Data Sources, Granularity, and Forecast Horizon

Adopt a unified regional forecast model that blends data from public records and private sources to deliver projected market sizes by region, service type, and industry vertical. Key data sources include primary research via field agents, telemetry from service delivery providers, public procurement and tender data, regulatory filings, trade associations, and earnings calls from representative companies. Build a data lake that ingests structured and unstructured data with clear licenses and fee schedules to maintain costs under control. This approach addresses data gaps, aligns with several market drivers, and supports scenario planning across the period.

Granularity should be multi‑dimensional: region or country (with Africa segmented into West, East, North, and Southern zones where data exist), urban vs. rural coverage where available, service type (Infrastructure Integration, Consulting, Enterprise Application Integration), industry verticals, and company size (SMEs vs Large Enterprises). Include public sector and citizen services as a distinct vertical to reflect government and defense demand. Maintain a data estates view to capture data stores and their egress constraints, ensuring accessibility for key stakeholders while protecting sensitive information. This granularity enables precise prioritization for a given period and supports targeted outreach to customers and partners.

Forecast horizon spans historical data (2018–2024) and a forward view through 2032, with annual snapshots and quarterly re‑baselining. Use three scenarios–baseline, upside, and downside–to reflect factor shocks such as policy shifts, technology uptake rates, and capacity constraints. Incorporate explicit restraints such as data access limits, licensing fees, and private‑sector data costs to bound projections. The period framing allows teams to track projected shifts in capacity and demand, and to adjust plans for rising costs or changing market conditions.

Processing workflow starts with ingestion from diverse sources, followed by cleansing, normalization to a common taxonomy, and deduplication across feeds. Apply source weighting to reflect reliability and timeliness, then map inputs to service type, vertical, and region. Use a unified model that combines statistical methods with practitioner judgments from regional teams to produce robust numbers. This approach addresses complicated integration challenges and supports several iterations as new data arrive, ensuring the forecast remains aligned with on‑the‑ground conditions.

Quality controls include back‑testing against known outcomes, cross‑region comparisons, and validation against public indicators like enterprise IT spend, public capital programs, and enterprise hiring trends. Track metrics such as error rates, variance by region, and the impact of data gaps on final results. Regularly highlight risks from data gaps or sudden market shocks and adjust assumptions accordingly so that stakeholders–customers, partners, and the company–receive reliable guidance for planning and pricing decisions.

Service Type Breakdown: Infrastructure Integration, Consulting, and Enterprise Application Integration

Service Type Breakdown: Infrastructure Integration, Consulting, and Enterprise Application Integration

Invest in Infrastructure Integration now to accelerate cloud adoption, simplify multi-system orchestration, and cut onboarding time by up to 40% across departments.

Service-type shares forecast for 2025-2032 place Infrastructure Integration at about 42% of total service spend, with Consulting and Enterprise Application Integration each around 29%.

  • Infrastructure Integration: implement a cloud-based, API-led architecture that links ERP, CRM, data warehouses, and core systems. Focus on prebuilt connectors, standardized APIs, and event-driven messaging to streamline workflows; monitor time-to-value, connector coverage, and mean time to recovery. Invest in private or hybrid deployments where data gravity or regulatory requirements demand it, while enabling scale through reusable templates and a single view of data across ecosystems. This approach presents opportunities in bfsi and IT & Telecom, including Brazil-based banks and regional departments; a south-focused expansion can reach new customers while reducing risk and threat exposure.
  • Consulting: design modular, outcome-driven engagements that help customers plan migrations, governance, and vendor selection. Structure services to serve SMEs and Large Enterprises, with flexible durations from 3 to 12 months and clear KPIs. Deliver value through maturity models, governance frameworks, and detailed transition roadmaps; measure performance by ROI, cost-to-serve, and cycle times. Leverage industry intelligence to identify niche opportunities, while maintaining stringent RFP processes to improve leads and win more opportunities for multi-cloud and private cloud-based deployments. Partners like Wipro can provide specialized expertise to support onboarding and post-implementation support for complex ecosystems.
  • Enterprise Application Integration: adopt iPaaS and middleware to connect SAP, Oracle, Salesforce, and legacy systems, enabling data synchronization, master data management, and event-driven integration across multiple environments. Emphasize multi-cloud or private cloud adoption to avoid vendor lock-in and ensure robust security and compliance for BFSI and other regulated verticals. Track integration lead times, error rates, and connector reusability to demonstrate impact on workload efficiency and customer experience. This approach streamlines work across departments and scales smoothly as organizations expand their digital ecosystems, including growing private networks in Brazil and other regions.

Cross-service alignment accelerates results: combine Infrastructure Integration with EAI to create a unified platform that supports rapid onboarding of new applications, while providing a single source of truth for financial and operations data. Such integration reduces fragmentation, improves decision-making, and strengthens support for a broad set of customers, including those in the bfsi sector and public administration. Firms seeking to expand reach can leverage niche capabilities and intelligence gathered from across ecosystems to convert opportunities into measurable investments and sustained growth. As demand grows, partners with deep expertise–such as Wipro–will witness stronger leads and higher conversion rates, especially in Brazil and other emerging markets.

Enterprise Type Segmentation: SMEs vs. Large Enterprises Adoption Dynamics

Recommendation: SMEs should accelerate platform-as-a-service adoption to lift integration rates, reduce repetitive development, and strengthen governance. A modular PaaS with private components delivers smoother flow, enabling expanding application portfolios while lowering expenses. In the first year, cost reductions of 15-25% are typical, while scalability supports growth across mid-market segments. Please prepare a pilot that covers core integrations, then scale to additional lines of business to minimize delays.

SMEs vs Large Enterprises: SMEs typically begin with a single pilot to validate private-PaaS viability, focusing on a narrow set of requirements and a low-risk data flow. Adoption rates rise as vendors deliver ready-made connectors and out-of-the-box governance patterns; many SMEs in Ireland and Germany show a quick uptick after the first procurement cycle. Large enterprises pursue multi-application programs with centralized governance and standardized APIs, enabling shared services and cross-border deployment. They invest more heavily in platform design, security, and supplier management to support a global footprint.

Key drivers and constraints: SMEs gain from rapid time-to-value and predictable expenses, while large enterprises gain from visibility and cross-domain collaboration. The private cloud plus platform-as-a-service approach reduces delays in delivering new capabilities and simplifies designing and maintaining integration flows. For heavily regulated sectors, advanced detection and audit trails are essential; governance frameworks must map to compliance requirements. The driver for SMEs remains agility; for large firms, it is scale and risk management. During expansion, SMEs should avoid single-vendor lock-in by choosing platforms with open APIs and frequent, low-friction updates.

Implementation steps for SMEs: start with a private PaaS pilot for a single app, capture outcomes, then expand to adjacent applications; document requirements and map data flows; select a platform that supports platform-as-a-service and has strong connectors to ERP, CRM, and analytics. Use downloadable templates to simplify data mapping and governance setup. Monitor metrics like cycle time, defect rate, and the rate of successful purchases processed through the platform, and adjust budgets accordingly to avoid overspending. This approach keeps expenses predictable and supports a smooth ramp.

Bölgesel ve dikey nüanslar: içecek ve üretim sektörlerinde hızlı tedarik akışının güçlü bir değeri varken, hizmet ve perakende sektörlerinde talep planlaması için yapay zeka destekli tespit ve istihbarata vurgu yapılmaktadır. Büyük işletmeler çok bölgeli dağıtımlar yapmaktadır; İrlanda ve Almanya'da, özel bulut bileşenleri artan esnekliği sağladığından, kurumsal BT'de PaaS benimsenmesi hızla artmıştır. Tata benzeri çeşitlendirilmiş bir ayak izine sahip şirketler, satın alma ve güvenlik kontrollerini standartlaştırma eğilimindedir ve bu da benimsenmeyi daha da hızlandırır. KOBİ'ler için, gecikmeleri önlemek adına satın alma akışını ve satıcı riskine maruz kalmayı anlamak kritik öneme sahiptir. Gelecek gidişat, ölçeklenebilir yönetişim, sağlam uygulama entegrasyonu ve büyümeyi yönlendiren içgörülere odaklanarak hizmet olarak platform için sürekli bir ivme gösteriyor. Bu maruz kalma, API'lerin standartlaştırılması ve verilerin analizlere açılmasıyla yönetilebilir. Üretim için, fabrika zeminleri optimizasyonu desteklemek ve kusurları tespit etmek için gerçek zamanlı veri entegrasyonundan faydalanır.

Sektörler Arasında Dikey Kapsam ve Öncelikli Kullanım Senaryoları

Sektörler Arasında Dikey Kapsam ve Öncelikli Kullanım Senaryoları

Öneri: Çoklu bulut ortamında, ERP, CRM, MES, EHR, HCM ve OT veri akışlarını bağlamak için veri odaklı, yapay zeka odaklı bir entegrasyon katmanı oluşturun. Gerçek zamanlı analitiği, hızlandırılmış dağıtımları ve karmaşık entegrasyonların basitleştirilmiş yönetimini hedefleyin. Infosys ve Wipro'yu yetenek geliştirmek için görevlendirin ve çoklu sistemleri düşük kodla bağlamak için Workato'yu kullanın. Veri akışlarının yoğunluğunu doğrulamak ve fırsatları göstermek için fabrika ortamlarında ve BFSI'de iki pilot örnek başlatın. Bu yaklaşım, sektörler genelinde benimseme ve sürekli iyileştirmeler için önemli bir temel oluşturur.

  • BT & Telekom
    • Öncelikli kullanım durumları:
      • Gerçek zamanlı ağ telemetrisi ve veri odaklı analizlerle desteklenen hizmet güvencesi.
      • Olay yönetimi ve arıza yalıtımı için yapay zeka odaklı otomasyon ile OSS/BSS modernizasyonu.
      • 360 derece veri görünümü ve hızlı politika uygulaması yoluyla abone yaşam döngüsü optimizasyonu.
    • Dağıtımlar ve yaklaşım:
      • OSS, BSS, CRM ve kimlik hizmetlerini birbirine bağlayan, ölçeklenebilirliği artırmak için çoklu bulut omurgasına sahip, modüler bir veri dokusu oluşturun.
      • MTTR düşüşlerini ve kesinti süresi iyileştirmelerini ölçmek için 2-3 pilot örnek başlatın.
      • Yeni ağ elemanlarının ve cihazlarının hızlı bir şekilde entegre edilmesi için standartlaştırılmış API'leri benimseyin.
    • Kabiliyetler ve ortaklar:
      • Ağ telemetrisinden, olay akışından ve yapay zeka destekli anomali algılamadan yararlanarak dayanıklılığı artırın.
      • Yetkinlik geliştirme için infosys ve wipro ile işbirliği yapın; çoklu satıcı sistemleri için Workato bağlayıcılarını kullanın.
  • FDSH
    • Öncelikli kullanım durumları:
      • Gerçek zamanlı dolandırıcılık tespiti ve yapay zeka ve akış verileri kullanılarak kanallar arası risk puanlaması.
      • Çapraz satış/üst satış ve kişiselleştirilmiş yolculuklar için 360 derece müşteri içgörüleri.
      • Denetlenebilir veri soyu ile uyumluluk raporlaması ve AML/KYC iş akışı otomasyonu.
    • Dağıtımlar ve yaklaşım:
      • Temel bankacılık, ödeme ve risk platformlarını, çoklu bulut yedekliliğine sahip merkezi bir veri katmanında birleştirin.
      • Benimseme hızını ve veri yönetişimi olgunluğunu ölçmek için 1-2 düzenlenmiş pilot uygulama gerçekleştirin.
      • Model kapsamını en üst düzeye çıkarmak için veri türü çeşitliliğine (işlem, profil, telemetri) öncelik verin.
    • Kabiliyetler ve ortaklar:
      • Gözetimi desteklemek için yapay zeka odaklı risk puanlaması, kural tabanlı uygulama ve açıklanabilir modeller oluşturun.
      • Uçtan uca entegrasyon için infosys ve wipro ile, sistemler arası otomasyon için Workato ile etkileşim kurun.
  • Sağlık Hizmetleri
    • Öncelikli kullanım durumları:
      • Sistemler ve sağlayıcılar arasında FHIR tabanlı birlikte çalışabilirlik ve hasta veri alışverişi.
      • Sonuçları iyileştirme ve popülasyon sağlığı içgörüleri için klinik veri analitiği.
      • Stok tükenmelerini ve israfı azaltmak için tedarik zinciri ve varlık takibi.
    • Dağıtımlar ve yaklaşım:
      • Güçlü erişim kontrolleri ve denetim izleriyle, öncelikle gizliliği esas alan bir veri yapısı benimseyin.
      • Değer zamanını ölçmek için EHR sistemleri, laboratuvar verileri ve ödeme kayıtları arasında 2 pilot entegrasyon çalışması yürütün.
    • Kabiliyetler ve ortaklar:
      • Yapay zeka odaklı içgörüleri desteklemek için veri tiplerini (klinik, idari, görüntüleme) standart hale getirin.
      • Ödeme kabulünü hızlandırmak ve uyumluluğu sürdürmek için büyük sağlayıcılar ve sistem entegratörleri ile ortaklık kurun.
  • Hükümet ve Savunma
    • Öncelikli kullanım durumları:
      • Vatandaş hizmetleri portalı entegrasyonu ve güvenli veri paylaşımı ile vaka yönetimi.
      • Yönetişimli bir veri katmanı kullanarak kurumlar arası veri değişimi ve afet müdahale koordinasyonu.
      • Program yönetimi için denetime hazır raporlama ve performans analitiği.
    • Dağıtımlar ve yaklaşım:
      • Kurumlar arası birleşik günlük kaydı ve kimlik yönetimi ile sıfır güven mimarisi.
      • Ortak hizmetler ve tedarik platformları için pilot veri dokusu uygulamaları.
    • Kabiliyetler ve ortaklar:
      • Veri gizliliğine, saklama ilkelerine ve güvenli çoklu bulut dağıtımına odaklanın.
      • Ölçeklenebilirlik ve uyumluluğu sağlamak için güvenilir ortaklarla işbirliği yapın; izin verildiği durumlarda kurumlar arası entegrasyonlar için Workato'dan faydalanın.
  • Üretim
    • Öncelikli kullanım durumları:
      • Üretim katında tahmini bakım ve kalite analitiği için OT/IT yakınsaması.
      • Üretim hatlarını ve enerji tüketimini optimize etmek için dijital ikiz ve simülasyonlar.
      • Tedarikçilerden müşterilere gerçek zamanlı uyarılarla uçtan uca tedarik zinciri görünürlüğü.
    • Dağıtımlar ve yaklaşım:
      • MES, ERP ve SCM verilerini çoklu bulut kurulumu içinde merkezi, ölçeklenebilir bir veri dokusuna entegre edin.
      • Ölçülebilir çalışma süresi ve verim artışlarını göstermek için önemli hat kesitlerinde pilot uygulamalar başlatın.
    • Kabiliyetler ve ortaklar:
      • Hızlı iyileştirme iş akışlarıyla, yapay zeka destekli kalite ve anomali tespiti dağıtımı.
      • Entegrasyonları endüstriyel hale getirmek için Infosys ve Wipro ile çalışın; Workato'nun az kodlu bağlayıcılarıyla hızlı dağıtımı etkinleştirin.
  • Perakende ve E-ticaret
    • Öncelikli kullanım durumları:
      • Çok kanallı sipariş düzenleme ve depolar ve mağazalar genelinde envanter görünürlüğü.
      • Personalized promotions and pricing using customer data across touchpoints.
      • Unified customer profile and loyalty program data for accelerated decisioning.
    • Dağıtımlar ve yaklaşım:
      • Build a centralized customer data platform with real-time event streams and product data synchronization.
      • Run a couple of pilot deployments to validate cross-channel fulfillment and dynamic pricing capabilities.
    • Kabiliyetler ve ortaklar:
      • Leverage multi-cloud storage and compute for elasticity; implement governance to maintain data quality.
      • Collaborate with infosys, wipro, and Workato to accelerate integration across ERP, e-commerce, and marketing systems.
  • Oil & Gas
    • Öncelikli kullanım durumları:
      • Asset performance monitoring and remote operations with secure data sharing.
      • Pipeline integrity and corrosion monitoring leveraging real-time telemetry.
      • Supply chain and logistics optimization under volatile market conditions.
    • Dağıtımlar ve yaklaşım:
      • Deploy data fabric to fuse seismic, production, and ERP systems; enable resilient multi-cloud workflows.
      • Initiate pilot deployments for remote asset dashboards and anomaly alerts.
    • Kabiliyetler ve ortaklar:
      • Implement ai-driven forecasting and scenario planning for capital projects.
      • Engage with leading system integrators to maintain safety and regulatory compliance; use connectors from Workato for cross-system bridging.
  • Others
    • Öncelikli kullanım durumları:
      • Education and logistics data exchanges, cross-domain analytics, and digital platform integrations.
      • Energy, pulp and paper, and consumer goods use cases that benefit from centralized data standards.
    • Dağıtımlar ve yaklaşım:
      • Adopt a phased rollout plan with emphasis on data governance, security, and interoperability standards.
      • Scale successful pilot deployments to broader lines of business with a shared data fabric.
    • Kabiliyetler ve ortaklar:
      • Capitalize on multi-cloud scalability and AI-driven workflows; maintain a focus on type and variety of data for richer insights.
      • Collaborate with global integrators and tooling vendors to maximize adoption and value.

Calls to action across sectors include accelerating data governance maturity, expanding ai-driven capabilities, and continuing multi-cloud investments. By prioritizing a converged data fabric and leveraging connectors from Workato, alongside strategic partnerships with infosys and wipro, organizations can unlock real-time cross-silo insights, maintain system resilience, and drive tangible performance gains across IT & Telecom, BFSI, Healthcare, Government & Defense, Manufacturing, Retail & Ecommerce, Oil & Gas, and other verticals.